Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS, e.g. nitric oxide, NO) are well recognised for playing a dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species. ROS and RNS are normally generated by tightly regulated enzymes, such as NO synthase (NOS) and NAD(P)H oxidase isoforms, respectively. Overproduction of ROS (arising either from mitochondrial electron transport chain or excessive stimulation of NAD(P)H) results in oxidative stress, a deleterious process that can be an important mediator of damage to cell structures, including lipids and membranes, proteins, and DNA.
Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease
Written by:
Marian Valko, Dieter Leibfritz, Jan Moncola, Mark T.D. Cronin, Milan Mazura, Joshua Telser
Article Category:
Studies
